太阳城集团(新网)娱乐城要怎么才能赚钱-澳门太阳城博彩-澳门太阳城集团车模深港在线-威廉希尔娱乐官网

Although low salinity water injection (LSWI) has recovered residual oil after the conventional waterflood, highly viscous oil has remained in heavy oil reservoirs. Hot water injection is an economic and practical method to improve oil mobility for viscous oil reservoirs. It potentially controls temperature-dependent geochemical reactions underlying the LSWI mechanism and oil viscosity. Therefore, this study has modeled and evaluated a hybrid process of low salinity hot water injection (hot LSWI) to quantify synergistic effects in heavy oil reservoirs. In comparison to seawater injection (SWI) and LSWI, hot LSWI results in more cation ion-exchange (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and more wettability modification. Hot LSWI also reduces oil viscosity. In core-scaled systems, it increases oil recovery by 21% and 6% over SWI and LSWI. In a pilotscaled reservoir, it produces additional oil by 6% and 3% over SWI and LSWI. Probabilistic forecasting with uncertainty assessment further evaluates the feasibility of hot LSWI to consider uncertainty in the pilot-scaled reservoir and observes enhanced heavy oil production. This study confirms the viability of hot LSWI due to synergistic effects including enhanced wettability modification and oil viscosity reduction effects.